Analisis Keragaman Genetika Kelapa Kopyor secara Molekuler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v8i.1479Keywords:
Kelapa Kopyor, RAPD, SSRAbstract
Kelapa kopyor (KC) merupakan tanaman perkebunan bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Namun demikian, tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit, perubahan peruntukan lahan ataupun ancaman bencana alam dapat menyebabkan hilangnya keragaman genetika KC. Dalam penelitian ini dilaporkan hasil analisis keragaman genetika KC secara molekuler. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan terdiri atas 12 varietas atau aksesi KC dan 1 varietas KC hibrida dengan masing-masing digunakan 1 sampai 4 pohon. DNA masing-masing sampel diekstak menggunakan metode CTAB, kemudian diamplifikasi menggunakan teknik RAPD dan SSR. 30 marka molekul RAPD dan 10 marka molekul SSR digunakan pada penelitian ini. DNA hasil PCR dianalisis menggunakan Microchip Electrophoresis-202 MultiNA. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Genalex 6.51. Analisis Kluster dibuat berdasarkan pengelompokkan Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dan indeks kesamaan dihitung menggunakan Koefisien Jaccard. Visualisasi Dendrogram dan Principal Coordinat Analysis (PCoA) dibuat menggunakan Software Paleontological Statistic 4.03. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa marka OPA 3 (RAPD) mampu memisahkan varietas KC genjah dengan KC dalam. KC genjah memiliki hasil amplifikasi sebanyak 4 pita dengan ukuran 200 bp, 235 bp, 325 bp, dan 400 bp, sedangkan KC dalam memiliki pita berukuran 130 bp, 200 bp, 235 bp, 325 bp, dan 400 bp. Dengan marka CnCirA9 (SSR), KC genjah memiliki pita DNA sebanyak 1 pita yaitu 70 bp, sedangkan KC dalam memiliki pita DNA hasil amplifikasi dengan ukuran bervariasi antara 70 bp, 80 bp, ataupun memiliki keduanya. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa secara molekuler nilai heterogenitas KC genjah lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai heterogenitas KC dalam baik menggunakan pendekatan RAPD maupun SSR.
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