Model Penguatan Jaminan Sosial Pekerja Domestik dan Migran dalam Sistem Ketenagakerjaan Nasional
Kata Kunci:
Model Jaminan Sosial, Pekerja Migran, Sistem NasionalAbstrak
Jumlah pekerja migran Indonesia mencapai sekitar 157.865 orang pada Januari-Juli 2025, dengan mayoritas berasal dari provinsi Jawa dan tersebar di berbagai negara tujuan seperti Taiwan, Hong Kong, dan Malaysia. Posisi mereka yang rentan dan belum terakomodasi secara optimal dalam sistem jaminan sosial nasional menuntut penelitian yang mendalam untuk memperkuat perlindungan sosial. Penelitian ini penting sebagai upaya penguatan sistem ketenagakerjaan nasional yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan, khususnya bagi pekerja yang seringkali berada di sektor informal dan lintas batas. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode normatif dengan kajian konseptual yang memadukan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi kasus terkait perlindungan pekerja domestik dan migran. Penelitian mengkaji relevansi dan implementasi hukum ketenagakerjaan serta jaminan sosial saat ini, serta mengidentifikasi kekurangan dan peluang perbaikan. Kebaharuan penelitian terletak pada pengembangan model jaminan sosial yang tidak hanya berlandaskan aspek hukum, tetapi juga menekankan inklusivitas sosial dan keberlanjutan pembiayaan serta operasional, berbeda dari studi sebelumnya yang cenderung terpisah-pisah fokusnya. Hasil penelitian merumuskan model penguatan jaminan sosial yang mampu mengakomodasi kebutuhan pekerja domestik dan migran secara universal, menjamin akses perlindungan hukum yang kuat, serta memastikan mekanisme keberlanjutan finansial melalui sinergi pemerintah, swasta dan lembaga sosial. Model ini diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan kebijakan nasional yang memperkokoh sistem ketenagakerjaan yang adil, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
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